Peshawar was then, as it had often been before in its history, an Afghan town. I lived in Peshawar, capital of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan, during that year. I was in Pakistan in 1986-1987 on a fellowship from the American Institute of Pakistan Studies to collect data for my doctoral dissertation on the relationship between the Afghan refugees, Afghan fighters, and Pakistani support for both. Would their regimental crests be accorded the same respect one day in Afghanistan? I didn't think so. On the other side of the border, Soviet troops were serving and bleeding in Afghanistan. My childhood fascination with the mysterious East had finally brought me to this barren outcropping, near where the regimental crests of British units that had served and bled in the area were proudly maintained by the Khyber Rifles, current masters of the terrain. Behind those somewhat sinister hills lay the hidden land of Afghanistan, crossroads of Asia. As the Pakistani briefing officer explained the positions of Soviet and Afghan army units on the other side of the border, I saw hazy mountains in the distance. I was standing at an outpost of the Khyber Rifles, the Pakistani military unit that has guarded that section of the frontier since the colonial days of the British Raj. I first saw Afghanistan in 1986, from high in the Khyber Pass. Afghanistan and the Changing Regional EnvironmentĪppendix: Major Actors in Modern Afghan Historyġ.1 Afghanistan and its immediate neighbors in 1997ġ.3 Afghanistan's physical characteristicsĢ.2 Russian and British advances toward Afghanistan, 1734 to 1920ĥ.1 Ethnic distribution of population of Central Asian republicsĥ.2 US covert military aid to Afghan rebels during the 1980sĦ.1 Variables correlated with state failure Preface Impact of the War on Afghan State and Societyĥ. Modern War in Afghanistan: Destruction of a StateĤ. Historical Factors Shaping Modern Afghanistanģ.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataĪfghanistan's endless war: state failure, regional politics, and the rise of the Taliban / No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Seattle and London For the Afghan people, in hopes that they soon know peace againĬopyright © 2001 by the University of Washington PressĪll rights reserved.
State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban
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